CIFOVIS - Artículos y ponencias con arbitraje

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https://hdl.handle.net/11117/1530

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Examinando CIFOVIS - Artículos y ponencias con arbitraje por autor "Campo, Julio"

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  • Ítem
    A Pantropical Overview of Soils across Tropical Dry Forest Ecoregions
    (MDPI, 2022-06) Rivero-Villar, Anaitzi; DeLaPeña-Domene, Marinés; Rodríguez-Tapia, Gerardo; Giardina, Christian P.; Campo, Julio
    Pantropical variation in soils of the tropical dry forest (TDF) biome is enormously high but has been poorly characterized. To quantify variation in the global distribution of TDF soil physical and chemical properties in relation to climate and geology, we produced a synthesis using 7500 points of data with gridded fields representing lithologic, edaphic, and climatic characteristics. Our analyses reveal that 75 TDF ecoregions across five biogeographic domains (Afrotropical, Australasian, Indo- Malayan, Neotropical, and Oceanian) varied strongly with respect to parent material: sediment (57%), metamorphic (22%), volcanic (13%), and plutonic (7%). TDF ecoregions support remarkably high variability in soil suborders (32), with the Neotropical and Oceanian realms being especially diverse. As a whole, TDF soils trend strongly toward low fertility with strong variation across biogeographic domains. Similarly, the exhibited soil properties marked heterogeneity across biogeographic domains, with soil depth varying by an order of magnitude and total organic C, N, and P pools varying threefold. Organic C and N pool sizes were negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) and positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP). By contrast, the distribution of soil P pools was positively influenced by both MAT and MAP and likely by soil geochemistry, due to high variations in soil parent material across the biogeographic domains. The results summarized here raise important questions as to how climate and parent material control soil biogeochemical processes in TDFs.
  • Ítem
    Climatic and edaphic-based predictors of normalized difference vegetation index in tropical dry landscapes: A pantropical analysis
    (Wiley, 2022-06) DeLaPeña-Domene, Marinés; Rodríguez-Tapia, Gerardo; Mesa-Sierra, Natalia; Rivero-Villar, Anaitzi; Giardina, Christian P.; Johnson, Nels G.; Campo, Julio
    Aim: Spatial patterns in resource supply drive variability in vegetation structure and function, yet quantification of this variability for tropical dry forests (TDFs) remains rudimentary. Several climate-driven indices have been developed to classify and delineate TDFs globally, but there has not been a climo-edaphic synthesis of these indices to assess and delineate the extent of TDFs. A statistical climo-edaphic synthesis of these indices is therefore required. Location: Pantropical. Time period: Modern. Major taxa studied: Vascular plants. Methods: We assembled most known prior descriptions of TDFs into a single data layer and assessed statistically how the TDF biome, which we call tropical dry landscapes (TDLs) composed of forest and non-forest vegetation, varied with respect to the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensed by MODIS (250 m pixel resolution). We examined how the NDVI varied with respect to mean annual temperature (MAT) and rainfall (MAR), precipitation regime, evapotranspiration and the physical, chemical and biological properties of TDL soils. Results: Overall, the NDVI varied widely across TDLs, and we were able to identify five principal NDVI categories. A regression tree model captured 90% of NDVI variation across TDLs, with 14 climate and soil metrics as predictors. The model was then pruned to use only the three strongest metrics. These included the Lang aridity index, total evapotranspiration (ET) and MAT, which aligned with identified NDVI thresholds and accounted for 70% of the variation in NDVI. We found that across a global TDL distribution, ET was the strongest positive predictor and MAT the strongest negative predictor of the NDVI. Main conclusions: The remote sensing-based approach described here provides a comprehensive and quantitative biogeographical characterization of global TDL occurrence and the climatic and edaphic drivers of these landscapes.
  • Ítem
    Restaurando los bosques secos tropicales en México, ¿Dónde? ¿Cómo?
    (Sociedad Científica Mexicana de Ecología A.C., 2022-05-22) Mesa-Sierra, Natalia; DeLaPeña-Domene, Marinés; Campo, Julio; Giardina, Christian P.
    La deforestación es la principal amenaza del bosque seco tropical (BsT) en México, siendo la agricultura, el turismo y la minería las actividades humanas con mayor impacto en este fenómeno. Sus tasas de perturbación han reducido no solo su superficie, sino también su capacidad para adaptarse y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático. En algunos casos, la regeneración natural es suficiente para revertir los efectos del cambio de uso de suelo. Sin embargo, cuando el uso de la tierra es intensivo y crónico, se deterioran los suelos, se agotan las fuentes de regeneración y se requiere una restauración con intervención mayor, que promueva la recuperación tanto de la cobertura forestal como de las funciones ecológicas. En este estudio sintetizamos la literatura de la restauración ecológica del BsT en México publicada durante 30 años (enero de 1990 - febrero de 2020). Examinamos 43 artículos identificando: (i) la distribución nacional de proyectos de restauración de BsT, (ii) los objetivos de su restauración y (iii) los factores que contribuyen al éxito o fracaso de la práctica. La mayor cantidad de sitios de restauración se registraron en la Península de Yucatán, y el objetivo más común fue la recuperación de la estructura de la vegetación luego del abandono de agricultura, o en sitios que sufrieron incendios. La siembra de plántulas fue la estrategia de restauración más utilizada y la evaluación del éxito de la práctica fue generalmente mediante la supervivencia de plántulas. La supervivencia de plántulas en los sitios restaurados varió entre 15-78 %, la cual no tuvo diferencias significativas con aquella en sitios conservados y/o sitios control (sin tratamiento). La supervivencia de plántulas fue afectada negativamente por la temperatura máxima anual y la aridez, y positivamente por la fertilidad del suelo. En resumen, esta síntesis identificó las condiciones biofísicas que limitan el éxito de la restauración de este ecosistema y, con ello, señalan aspectos que se deben considerar en la práctica para poder cumplir con los compromisos internacionales firmados por México en materia de restauración forestal.
  • Ítem
    Restoring mexican tropical dry forests: a national review
    (MDPI, 2022-03) Mesa-Sierra, Natalia; Campo, Julio; Giardina, Christian P.; DeLaPeña-Domene, Marinés
  • Ítem
    Restoring Mexican Tropical Dry Forests: A National Review
    (MDPI, 2022-03) Mesa-Sierra, Natalia; DeLaPeña-Domene, Marinés; Campo, Julio; Giardina, Christian P.
    Deforestation is the dominant threat to tropical dry forests (TDFs) in Mexico. Its causes include agriculture, tourism, and mining. In some cases, unassisted forest regeneration is sufficient to return diverse forest cover to a site, but in other cases, changes in land use are so severe that active restoration is required to reintroduce tree cover. The ecological and social constraints on TDF restoration in Mexico are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we synthesized relevant restoration literature for Mexico published between January 1990 and February 2020. We examined 43 unique articles about TDF restoration practices in Mexico to identify (1) the national distribution of TDF restoration projects, (2) restoration objectives, and (3) factors contributing to TDF restoration success or failure. The largest number of restoration sites were in the Yucatan Peninsula, and the most common objective was to restore dry forest vegetation on lands that had been used for agriculture or impacted by fires. Planting seedlings was the most widely reported restoration strategy, and plant survival was the most frequently monitored response variable. Maximum annual temperature and the Lang Aridity Index were the best predictors of plant survival, which ranged from 15% to 78%. This synthesis highlights how national restoration inventories can facilitate the development of a restoration evaluation framework to increase the efficacy of restoration investments.