Mapeo espacial con extracción de parámetros basada en la distancia de Kullback-Leibler ilustrado con modelos electromagnéticos de onda completo y modelos circuitales para filtros microcintaLoera-Díaz, RobertoRayas-Sánchez, José E.2025-12-022025-12-022025-07-21R. Loera-Díaz and J. E. Rayas-Sánchez, “Space mapping with parameter extraction based on the Kullback–Leibler distance illustrated with full-wave EM and equivalent circuit models for microstrip filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn., vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 8383-8392, Nov. 2025. (p-ISSN: 0018-9480; e-ISSN: 1557-9670; published online: 21 July 2025; DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2025.3588177)0018-9480https://hdl.handle.net/11117/11968Space mapping (SM) techniques are commonly used for optimizing highly accurate models that require a large computational effort, known as fine models, by exploiting simplified physics-based models that are computationally fast but not accurate enough, known as coarse models. Most SM formulations require solving a parameter extraction (PE) sub-problem at each iteration. Typically, SM algorithms use classical l-th norms for the PE objective function. In this paper, we first apply a PE formulation based on the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) distance to microstrip filters using their full-wave electromagnetic (EM) responses as targets, performing a rigorous numerical comparison against PE using classical norms. We subsequently propose, for the first time, a Broyden-based input space mapping algorithm using the K-L distance as objective function for the PE sub-problem. We apply SM design optimization to several examples, beginning with a classical synthetic test example and following with some microstrip filters using their full-wave EM representation as fine models, and their equivalent distributed circuit as coarse models. A rigorous numerical comparison is also performed between classical l-th norms and the K-L formulation for PE within the corresponding SM design optimizations. Our results indicate that SM with PE using the K-L formulation outperforms that one obtained by using the classical l-th norm PE formulations within SM.enghttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.esBroydenChebyshevEMEuclideanKullback-LeiblerManhattanparameter extractionFilterMicrostripNormOptimizationSpace Mappinginfo:eu-repo/semantics/article