CIFOVIS - Artículos y ponencias con arbitraje

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https://hdl.handle.net/11117/1530

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Examinando CIFOVIS - Artículos y ponencias con arbitraje por tema "Cambio Climático"

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  • Ítem
    Restaurando los bosques secos tropicales en México, ¿Dónde? ¿Cómo?
    (Sociedad Científica Mexicana de Ecología A.C., 2022-05-22) Mesa-Sierra, Natalia; DeLaPeña-Domene, Marinés; Campo, Julio; Giardina, Christian P.
    La deforestación es la principal amenaza del bosque seco tropical (BsT) en México, siendo la agricultura, el turismo y la minería las actividades humanas con mayor impacto en este fenómeno. Sus tasas de perturbación han reducido no solo su superficie, sino también su capacidad para adaptarse y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático. En algunos casos, la regeneración natural es suficiente para revertir los efectos del cambio de uso de suelo. Sin embargo, cuando el uso de la tierra es intensivo y crónico, se deterioran los suelos, se agotan las fuentes de regeneración y se requiere una restauración con intervención mayor, que promueva la recuperación tanto de la cobertura forestal como de las funciones ecológicas. En este estudio sintetizamos la literatura de la restauración ecológica del BsT en México publicada durante 30 años (enero de 1990 - febrero de 2020). Examinamos 43 artículos identificando: (i) la distribución nacional de proyectos de restauración de BsT, (ii) los objetivos de su restauración y (iii) los factores que contribuyen al éxito o fracaso de la práctica. La mayor cantidad de sitios de restauración se registraron en la Península de Yucatán, y el objetivo más común fue la recuperación de la estructura de la vegetación luego del abandono de agricultura, o en sitios que sufrieron incendios. La siembra de plántulas fue la estrategia de restauración más utilizada y la evaluación del éxito de la práctica fue generalmente mediante la supervivencia de plántulas. La supervivencia de plántulas en los sitios restaurados varió entre 15-78 %, la cual no tuvo diferencias significativas con aquella en sitios conservados y/o sitios control (sin tratamiento). La supervivencia de plántulas fue afectada negativamente por la temperatura máxima anual y la aridez, y positivamente por la fertilidad del suelo. En resumen, esta síntesis identificó las condiciones biofísicas que limitan el éxito de la restauración de este ecosistema y, con ello, señalan aspectos que se deben considerar en la práctica para poder cumplir con los compromisos internacionales firmados por México en materia de restauración forestal.
  • Ítem
    Restoring the Neotropical Dry Forests in the Face of Climate Change
    (Society for Ecological Restoration, 2021-06-29) Mesa-Sierra, Natalia; DeLaPeña-Domene, Marinés; Rodríguez-Tapia, Gerardo; Rivero-Villar, Anaitzi; Giardina, Christian P.; Campo, Julio
    Tropical dry forests (TDF) have a broad global distribution, hold unique biodiversity that is climatically restricted by evolutionary history. For the past century, TDFs have faced numerous threats, reducing the surface of this ecosystem, so that in recent decades conservation actions have focused not only on its protection but on its recovery. The main objective of this study was to compile relevant and practical lessons of how the diversity, ecosystem services and community well-being had been recovered through restoration strategies in the TDFs of the Neotropic. A research was made using the Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 1990 and 2020. A total of 98 studies met the review criteria, of which most took place in Mexico and the mean restored area was of 74 ha. The most reported disturbances prior to restoration corresponds to cattle, followed by crops and mining. Plantations were the most used restoration strategy of the Neotropics. A total of 99 response variables were identified, of which the most frequently used were related to the vegetation structure (e.g., Survival, Seedling Height), while the least used variables were related with social aspects of restoration (e.g., economic benefits). It is necessary to recognize that this ecosystem has specific characteristics throughout its distribution in the Neotropic related both to its diversity and environmental variables, as well as to its disturbances, so identifying the best practices would allow stakeholders to improve restoration programs.
  • Ítem
    Restoring tropical dry forests, where? how?: a global overview
    (Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, 2022-07) Mesa-Sierra, Natalia; DeLaPeña-Domene, Marinés; Campo, Julio; Giardina, Christian P.
    Deforestation is the main threat to the tropical dry forest (TDF) worldwide, with agriculture and mining being the human activities with the greatest impact on this phenomenon. Rates of disturbance have reduced not only TDF areas, but also their ability to adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change. In some cases, natural regeneration is sufficient to reverse the effects of forest cover loss. However, when land use is intensive and chronic, soils deteriorate and sources of regeneration are depleted, then restoration effots require greater interventions to promotes the recovery of both forest cover and ecological functions. In this study we synthesize the published literature of over 30 years (January 1990 - February 2020) on the ecological restoration of TDF worldwide. We also conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of restoration strategies, previous land use and ecozone on restored sites and their soil properties, vegetation structure, biotic composition and ecological functions. We identified 196 studies that met our criteria, most of which took place in the Neotropic and Indomalaya ecozones. The most common restoration objective was the recovery of the vegetation structure, mainly after previous use for livestock, crops or mining. Planting seedlings was the most widely used restoration strategy and the evaluation of their success was generally based on assesing the survival of the plantings. Results showed that restoration treatments improved planted seedling survival (SMD = 0.51, 95%CIs = 0.15 to 0.87), with a significant effect in the Neotropics, Indomalaya and Oceania. Regarding the previous land use, no significant effect was observed on the survival of the planted seedlings. Derived from these results, it is necessary to highlight that survival, even though widely used to monitor restoration success, yield very high variation in its results. TDF ecosystems have specific characteristics throughout their distribution related both to diversity and environmental variables, as well as to their disturbances. Thus, collecting information and generating a reference frame on successful practices is urgent in order to achieve adequate restoration. In summary, through this synthesis we identified the main trends on restoration ecology of TDF at a global scale, pointing out aspects that must be considered in order to comply with the international commitments in terms of forest restoration.