We review recent developments in Space Mapping (SM) optimization. The Aggressive Space Mapping (ASM) technique is illustrated through a step-by-step numerical example based on the Rosenbrock function. The Trust Region Aggressive Space Mapping (TRASM) algorithm is described. TRASM integrates a trust region methodology with the ASM technique. It improves the uniqueness of the extraction phase by utilizing a recursive multi-point parameter extraction process. The algorithm is illustrated by the design of an HTS filter using Sonnet’s em. The new Hybrid Aggressive Space Mapping (HASM) algorithm is briefly reviewed. It is based on a novel lemma that enables smooth switching from SM optimization to direct optimization if SM is not converging. It is illustrated by the design of a six-section H-plane waveguide filter.