Desarrollo endógeno. Una forma de adaptación y resistencia a los impactos globales en la zona rural de San Pedro Huitzquilico, S.L.P.
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Fecha
2018-01
Autores
Galván-Meza, César J.
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ITESO
Resumen
Descripción
En la huasteca potosina mexicana pueden encontrarse muchas comunidades indígenas que, como la mayoría de los grupos étnicos en este país, sufren pobreza y marginación social a pesar de contar con riquezas naturales y culturales. Esta investigación se desarrolla en la comunidad rural de San Pedro Huitzquilico, de indígenas nahuas, situada al sureste de la Huasteca Potosina, al pie de la Sierra Madre Occidental, a 15 kilómetros de distancia de la cabecera municipal de Xilitla, en donde, a pesar de los cambios estructurales y las políticas implementadas en los últimos años, la pobreza y el rezago social siguen siendo muy elevados.
Ahora enfrentan nuevos retos que provienen de un proceso global, visto desde diferentes enfoques; estos se refieren principalmente a la intercomunicación global, el impacto en el medio ambiente, la reestructuración social y política local, todos estos cambios los afectan, pero a la vez se convierten en oportunidades para actuar desde dentro. En este orden de ideas, tienen que decidir cuáles son las oportunidades locales que pueden articularse de mejor manera con los elementos globales, de donde tendrán que asomarse nuevas líneas de acción que den posibilidades para el desarrollo local endógeno como una alternativa viable para mejorar su condición actual.
En la búsqueda de estas nuevas líneas de acción local, se consideró mediante la metodología de la investigación acción participativa, establecer un puente que fuera capaz de permitir un diálogo entre el saber académico y el saber popular, generando una sinergia dentro de la comunidad, lo cual ayudó a encontrar formas adecuadas de trabajo con estos argumentos de articulación de ideas teóricas y saberes locales, que incluyeron a los diferentes grupos de actores sociales de la comunidad de San Pedro Huitzquilico, en el sentido de encontrar alternativas locales al desarrollo.
It is possible to find in the Mexican “Huasteca Potosina” a large amount of indigenous communities. Many of these ethnic groups in this country suffer from poverty and social relegation despite they are rich in natural and cultural values. This research was developed in the rural community of San Pedro Huitzquilico. It is populated by the indigenous group “nahuas”. It is located in the southeast of the “Huasteca Potosina” on the “Sierra Madre Occidental”, 15 kilometersaway from the main town,“Xilitla”. In this community, poverty and socialbackwardness are still high despite structural changes and new implemented policies during the last years. Nowadays, this group faces new challenges derived form a global processes. These challenges are mainly related to global intercommunication, to the impact on the environment, to the social restructuration and local policies. All these changes affect to the group and the same time they can became new opportunities to take action from the inside the community. Considering these aspects, they have to identify local opportunities that could be better linked to global aspects. From this point, new action lines may emerged and may provide new possibilities for the local endogenous development as an alternative to improve their current condition. In the pursuing of new action local lines, a participative action research was considered to establish a bridge to allow a dialogue between academic knowledge and popular knowledge, creating synergy into the community. This way was possible to find adequate conducts of work which consider these theoretical ideas and local knowledge and it was possible to include the different social actors from the community of “San Pedro Huitzquilico”.
It is possible to find in the Mexican “Huasteca Potosina” a large amount of indigenous communities. Many of these ethnic groups in this country suffer from poverty and social relegation despite they are rich in natural and cultural values. This research was developed in the rural community of San Pedro Huitzquilico. It is populated by the indigenous group “nahuas”. It is located in the southeast of the “Huasteca Potosina” on the “Sierra Madre Occidental”, 15 kilometersaway from the main town,“Xilitla”. In this community, poverty and socialbackwardness are still high despite structural changes and new implemented policies during the last years. Nowadays, this group faces new challenges derived form a global processes. These challenges are mainly related to global intercommunication, to the impact on the environment, to the social restructuration and local policies. All these changes affect to the group and the same time they can became new opportunities to take action from the inside the community. Considering these aspects, they have to identify local opportunities that could be better linked to global aspects. From this point, new action lines may emerged and may provide new possibilities for the local endogenous development as an alternative to improve their current condition. In the pursuing of new action local lines, a participative action research was considered to establish a bridge to allow a dialogue between academic knowledge and popular knowledge, creating synergy into the community. This way was possible to find adequate conducts of work which consider these theoretical ideas and local knowledge and it was possible to include the different social actors from the community of “San Pedro Huitzquilico”.
Palabras clave
Globalización, Desarrollo Local, Pobreza, Comunidades Indígenas, Adaptación, Resistencia, Globalization, resistance and local development
Citación
Galván-Meza, César J. (2018). Desarrollo endógeno. Una forma de adaptación y resistencia a los impactos globales en la zona rural de San Pedro Huitzquilico, S.L.P. Tesis del Doctorado en Estudios Científico-Sociales. Tlaquepaque, Jalisco: ITESO.