Re-sentimientos de la nación. Regionalismos, separatismos e imaginación política en narrativas de la excepcionalidad regiomontana
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Fecha
2019-09
Autores
López-Feldman, Aarón B.
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ITESO
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Descripción
Desde mediados del siglo pasado hemos visto emerger, alrededor de todo el orbe, aspiraciones autonómicas y secesionistas, proyectos supranacionales, demandas estado-céntricas de naciones sin Estado, y otras afirmaciones culturales, económicas y políticas que imaginan nuevas totalidades o el reordenamiento de las existentes. Esta emergencia no sólo tiene que ver con el debilitamiento de la soberanía del Estado y el descentramiento de la nación como instancia productora de sentido, sino que forma parte del ejercicio del Estado-nación como proyecto histórico y de su devenir como relato sociocultural (que se construye como un todo hegemónico mayor que la suma de sus partes). Así, desde una perspectiva tropológica (enfocada en los desplazamientos entre los todos y las partes), en esta investigación se estudian las tensiones sociohistóricas entre el centro de México y la alteridad regiomontana con base en un corpus de narrativas de excepcionalidad según las cuales Monterrey es una peculiaridad de la historia nacional, una particularidad primigenia y esencializada formada a espaldas, a pesar y en contra del centro. Para realizar este estudio, se utiliza una metodología en cuatro capas (contextual, semántica, tropológica y hermenéutica) enfocada en analizar las fijaciones de sentido (a través de sus referentes de unidad/oposición y sus centralidades temáticas), las figuras de subjetivación y las imaginaciones políticas que cruzan dichas narrativas. Para ello, se ubica a dos tipos de enunciadores: promotores centrales de la excepcionalidad (escritores, periodistas, cronistas, académicos, políticos, abogados vinculados históricamente con las elites locales) y promotores limítrofes del separatismo (administradores y moderadores de páginas y grupos de Facebook cruzados por la precarización y conectados por el malestar con el estado nacional de cosas). En el entrecruce entre las cuatro capas metodológicas y entre ambos tipos de enunciación, este estudio permite no sólo comprender a los regionalismos en plural (en sus relaciones históricas de sentido con el nacionalismo y el separatismo), sino también releer la historia de nuestra contingencia como comunidad nacional a través de una de sus fisuras y acercarnos a la emergencia de una serie de anhelos separatistas y protonacionalistas que, con el tiempo, podrían desplazarse de la tensión subrepticia al conflicto abierto.
Since the middle of the last century we have seen the emergence, around the world, of autonomous and secessionist aspirations, supranational projects, state-centric demands of stateless nations, and other cultural, economic and political claims that imagine new totalities or the reordering of existing ones. This emergency not only has to do with the weakening of the sovereignty of the State and the decentralization of the nation as an instance that produces meaning, but also forms part of the exercise of the nation-state as a historical project and of its becoming as a socio-cultural account (which is builds as a hegemonic whole greater than the sum of its parts). Thus, from a tropological perspective (focused on the displacements between the set and its parts), this research studies the socio-historical tensions between central Mexico and Monterreybased on a corpus of exceptional narratives according to which Monterrey is a peculiarity of national history, a primal and essentialized particularity formed behind, despite and against the center. To carry out this study, a four-layer methodology isused (contextual, semantic, tropological and hermeneutical) focused on analyzing the fixations of meaning (through their unit / opposition referents and their thematic centralities), subjectivization figures and political imagination that cross these narratives. To this end, two types of enunciator are located: central promoters of exceptionality (writers, journalists, chroniclers, academics, politicians, lawyers historically linked with local elites) and borderline promoters of separatism (administrators and moderators of Facebook pages and groups crossed by precariousness and connected by discomfort with the national state of affairs). In the intersection between the four methodological layers and between both types of enunciation, this study allows not only to understand regionalisms in the plural (in their historical relations of meaning with nationalism and separatism), but also to reread the history of our contingency as national community through one of its fissuresand approaching the emergence of a series of separatist and protonationalist desires that, over time, could shift from surreptitious tension to open conflict.
Since the middle of the last century we have seen the emergence, around the world, of autonomous and secessionist aspirations, supranational projects, state-centric demands of stateless nations, and other cultural, economic and political claims that imagine new totalities or the reordering of existing ones. This emergency not only has to do with the weakening of the sovereignty of the State and the decentralization of the nation as an instance that produces meaning, but also forms part of the exercise of the nation-state as a historical project and of its becoming as a socio-cultural account (which is builds as a hegemonic whole greater than the sum of its parts). Thus, from a tropological perspective (focused on the displacements between the set and its parts), this research studies the socio-historical tensions between central Mexico and Monterreybased on a corpus of exceptional narratives according to which Monterrey is a peculiarity of national history, a primal and essentialized particularity formed behind, despite and against the center. To carry out this study, a four-layer methodology isused (contextual, semantic, tropological and hermeneutical) focused on analyzing the fixations of meaning (through their unit / opposition referents and their thematic centralities), subjectivization figures and political imagination that cross these narratives. To this end, two types of enunciator are located: central promoters of exceptionality (writers, journalists, chroniclers, academics, politicians, lawyers historically linked with local elites) and borderline promoters of separatism (administrators and moderators of Facebook pages and groups crossed by precariousness and connected by discomfort with the national state of affairs). In the intersection between the four methodological layers and between both types of enunciation, this study allows not only to understand regionalisms in the plural (in their historical relations of meaning with nationalism and separatism), but also to reread the history of our contingency as national community through one of its fissuresand approaching the emergence of a series of separatist and protonationalist desires that, over time, could shift from surreptitious tension to open conflict.
Palabras clave
Regionalismo, Separatismo, Nacionalismo, Imaginación Política, Monterrey , Nuevo León, México, Regionalism, Separatism, Nationalism, Political Imagination
Citación
López-Feldman, A. B. (2019). Re-sentimientos de la nación. Regionalismos, separatismos e imaginación política en narrativas de la excepcionalidad regiomontana. Tesis del Doctorado en Estudios Científico Sociales. Tlaquepaque, Jalisco: ITESO.